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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Cryptococcus fagisuga ： ウィキペディア英語版 Cryptococcus fagisuga ''Cryptococcus fagisuga'', commonly known as the beech scale or woolly beech scale, is a felted scale insect in the superfamily Coccoidea that infests beech trees of the genus ''Fagus''. It is associated with the transmission of beech bark disease because the puncture holes it makes in the bark allow entry of pathogenic fungi which have been identified as ''Nectria coccinea var. faginata'' and sometimes ''Nectria galligena''.〔Houston, D.R. 1994. Major new tree disease epidemics: beech bark disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 32: 75-87.〕〔(U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service )〕 ==History and distribution== Beech bark disease has been recorded as affecting common beech trees, ''Fagus sylvatica'', in Europe since before 1849. Until 1914 it was thought that the beech scale insect itself was responsible for the disease. Subsequently it was discovered that a fungus, then identified as ''Nectria ditissima'', was in fact killing the trees infested by the scale. Around 1890 the scale insect was accidentally introduced into Nova Scotia. By 1932, the scale and its associated ''Nectria'' fungus had spread to many areas of the Maritime Provinces and parts of eastern and south central Maine. It continues to spread in North America and is now found in Quebec, New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.〔 Attempts are being made to discover the geographic origin of beech scale in order to try to identify any natural enemies that might hold promise for its biological control. From these studies and associated ribosomal DNA analysis, it seems likely that the pest originated in the region of northeast Greece, northern Iran, the Caucasus and the Black Sea drainage basin on the host beech subspecies ''F. sylvatica orientalis''.〔Gwiazdowski, R., Vandriesche, R., Desnoyers, A., Lyon, S., Wu, S., Kamata, N., & Normark, B. (2006). Possible geographic origin of beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), an invasive pest in North America. Biological Control, 39(1), 9-18. Retrieved from http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1049964406001058〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cryptococcus fagisuga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.